Vaisheshika School

The Vaisheshika school believes in the physicality of the Universe and is considered to be the realistic and objective philosophy that governs the universe. The Kanada who also wrote the basic text governing the Vaisheshika philosophy is often considered the founder of this school. They argue that everything in the universe was created by the five main elements: fire, air, water, earth and ether (sky). These material elements are also called Dravya. They also argue that reality has many categories, for example, action, attribute, genus, inherence, substance and distinct quality.

As this school has a very scientific approach, they also developed the atomic theory, i.e. all material objects are made of atoms. They explain the phenomenon of this universe by arguing that the atoms and molecules combined to make matter, which is the basis for everything that can be physically touched or seen. This school was also responsible for the beginning of physics in the Indian subcontinent.

They are considered to be the propounders of the mechanical process of formation of this Universe. 

On the subject of god, even though they argue for scientific thinking, they believe in God and consider him the guiding principle.

They also believe that the laws of karma guide this universe, i.e. everything is based on the actions of human beings. We are rewarded or punished according to our actions.

God decides the merits and the demerits of our actions and man is sent to heaven or hell accordingly.

They also believed in salvation, but it was parallel to the creation and destruction of the universe, which was a cyclic process and was decided by the wishes of God.