(1) All laws in force in the
territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are
inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.
(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and
any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
(3) In this article, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “law” includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage
having in the territory of India the force of law;
(b) “laws in force” includes laws passed or made by a Legislature or other competent authority in
the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously repealed,
notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in operation either at all or in
particular areas.
[(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 368.]